[vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1497950593404{background-color: #28ccc6 !important;}”][vc_column_text]
- Money paid to an employee for expenses incurred during the business.
- A deduction from an invoice for a specific purpose, such as substandard quality of goods, late delivery, etc.
- A price reduction or rebate is given to a customer or intermediary on a large order or for some other specific reason.
- An agreed time used in *work measurement; is added to the basic in calculating the standard time for a particular job. These allowances provide time for rest, relaxation, and the workers’ personal needs (e.g., breaks, toilet).
- Promotional money is paid by manufacturers to retailers in return for an agreement to feature the manufacturer’s product in some way.
- An allowance against tax.
[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]An insurance policy covering personal possessions against many risks but not, of course, all risks. A policy of this kind does not list the risks covered; instead, it lists only the exclusions. Such wide cover often merits remarkably high *premiums and items covered on this basis often include jewelry, photographic or electronic equipment, and other values.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1497952187149{background-color: #1e99bf !important;}”][vc_column_text]Shares distributed by *allotment to new shareholders (allottees).[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]A measure of the expected return on a particular share compared to the return on shares with a similar *beta coefficient. It identifies the *specific risk associated with a share as opposed to the *systematic risk associated with securities of the same class.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1497953422562{background-color: #ef5526 !important;}”][vc_column_text]A market of the *London Stock Exchange that opened in June 1995 to replace the Unlisted Securities Market, with the object of following small growing companies to raise capital and have their shares traded in a market, without the expense of a full market listed. Since its formation, around three thousand smaller companies have traded their shares on this market and the number of institutions investing in them is increasing.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]The position of an advertisement within a newspaper or magazine so is amongst editorial material.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1497956532896{background-color: #c782f2 !important;}”][vc_column_text]A loan in which the repayment is made in more than one instalment.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]The part of the value of an asset that has been written off; represents the *accumulated depreciation to date.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1497958221714{background-color: #ad785d !important;}”][vc_column_text]A schedule that summarizes the dates on which specified amounts must be paid in the repayment loan.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]The annual equivalent *rate of return on a loan or investment in which the rate of interest specified is chargeable or payable more frequently than annually. Most investment institutions are now required by law to specify the APR when the interest intervals are more frequent than annual. Similarly, those charge cards that advertise monthly rates of interest (say, 29%) must state the equivalent APR; in this case, it would be [(1.02) -1] = 26%. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1497962277022{background-color: #285ccc !important;}”][vc_column_text]The annual *rate of return on investment is calculated on the assumption that interest payments are reinvested at the yield rate.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]A short-term plan that describes a company’s current situation, its objectives, strategy, action program, and budgets for the year ahead, together with the controls included in the plan.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498038675135{background-color: #538228 !important;}”][vc_column_text]An annual meeting of the shareholders of a company must be held every year; the meeting may not be more than 15 months apart. Shareholders must be given 21 days’ notice of the meeting, The usual business transacted at an AGM is the presentation of the directors, the fixing of their remuneration, and recommendations for the payment of dividends. Other businesses may be transacted if notice of it has been given to the shareholders.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]An investor in a high-risk enterprise. Traditionally, the term was applied to the financial backers of stage productions but is now used increasingly for investors in e-business.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1691401149816{background-color: #7c5e4f !important;}”][vc_column_text]An annual publication of the *Office for National Statistics giving the UK industrial, vital, legal, and social statistics. It’s now available in both online and print versions.
Compare Monthly Digest of Statistics.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]A *capital allowance available from April 2008. It enables a business to offset 100% of its capital expenditure in any one year against corporation tax, to a limit of £50.000. The allowance, which is available to businesses of any size or legal form, replaces the various *first-year allowances on specified * plans and machinery previously available to small and medium-sized companies. It cannot be claimed on non-commercial motor vehicles.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498040815813{background-color: #2f7c99 !important;}”][vc_column_text]*Internet service providers form the basis of e-commerce websites by attracting traffic or providing credibility.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Includes the effecting of introductions of individuals wishing to obtain credit to persons carrying on the consumer-credit business.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498047597093{background-color: #e8d047 !important;}”][vc_column_text]Is the process by which a third party negotiates terms for the discharge of a debt due under consumer-credit agreements or consumer-hire agreements with the creditor or owner on behalf of the debtor or hirer. The latter may also pay a third party to take over an obligation to discharge a debtor to undertake any similar activity concerned with its liquidation.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Is the giving of advice (other than by the original creditor and certain others) to debtors or hirers about the liquidation of debts due under consumer credit agreements or consumer hire agreements.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498388515876{background-color: #3c7725 !important;}”][vc_column_text]A *work measurement technique enabling an estimate of the time required to carry out the elements of a job to be produced at a defined level of performance. this level is based on previous knowledge and *synthetic standard performance websites by attracting traffic or providing credibility.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Includes the effecting of introductions of individuals wishing to obtain credit to persons carrying on a consumer-credit business. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498389450617{background-color: #8224e3 !important;}”][vc_column_text]A document must be filled with the *Registrar of Companies within seven months of the end of the relevant accounting period (ten months for private companies). Information required on the annual return includes the address of the registered office of the company and the names, addresses, nationality, and occupations of its directors and secretary: details of the share capital and shareholders must also be included. The *directors’ report must be annexed to the return, as must the *annual accounts (or *abbreviated accounts) and the * auditor’s report (unless exempt from statutory audit).[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Contract in which a person pays a premium to an insurance company, usually in one lump sum, and in return receives periodic payments for an agreed period or for the rest of his or her life. An annuity has been described as the opposite of life insurance as the policyholder pays the lump sum and the insurer makes the regular payments. Annuities form the basis for private pensions in most developed countries.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498390009853{background-color: #cea640 !important;}”][vc_column_text]The process by which a company applies to a stock exchange for its securities to be traded on that exchange. In obtaining the listing a company will be required to abide by the rule of the exchange. The advantage for a company in obtaining a listing is that it will be able to raise funds by issuing shares on the stock exchange and the marketability of the shares it issues will attract investors.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]To date a document before the date on which it is drawn up. This is not necessarily illegal or improper. For instance, an ante-dated cheque is not in law invalid. Compare (Antedate to Post-date).[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498391012470{background-color: #a04731 !important;}”][vc_column_text]A [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Characters are not usually included in a font or type, such as fractions or ornaments. Also called ‘peculiars’ or ‘pi characters’ (not to be confused with ‘pie’ type, which is accidentally mixed type).[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498413369660{background-color: #41bf3b !important;}”][vc_column_text]A figure or letter that is smaller than the text size and aligned with the height of the capitals. Superior characters are distinct from superscript which appears above capital height. ‘Also called cock-up Figueres ‘, ‘cock-up letters’, ‘superior figures’ or ‘superior letters’.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Figures or letters that are smaller than the text size and raised the height of capital letters. Is distinct from ‘ superior character’ which is aligned with capital letter height.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498414889227{background-color: #48eae5 !important;}”][vc_column_text]Type for fractions. This comes in two parts, the upper bearing a number only, and the lower a numeral and a dividing line above it.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Typographical symbols representing dram, drop, gallon, grain, minim, of each, ounce, print, recipe, scruple, semi, signs, etc.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498415317259{background-color: #4090ce !important;}”][vc_column_text]A system of marks is used to clarify the text and separate sentences. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]The character is available in a font other than those that appear on the keyboard, such as accent, symbols, etc., and which are accessed by combinations of keystrokes. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498477553463{background-color: #3665af !important;}”][vc_column_text]The unit of type measurement used in Continental Europe, devised by Francois-Ambroise Didot in 1775. A Didot point measures 0.343mm (0.0148in), compared with the Anglo-American point of 0.35mm (0.013837in). Twelve Didot points are referred to as a ‘cicero’ or ‘Didot pica’. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]The adjustment of the space between adjacent type characters to optimize their appearance. Traditionally, kerned letters were those which physically overhung the metal body of the next character – particularly important in italic typefaces. The Roman versions of most metal fonts were designed so that they did not require kerning. Kerning should not be confused with ‘tracking’ which is the adjustment of the space over several adjacent characters. Also known as ‘mortising.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498479297271{background-color: #963fcc !important;}”][vc_column_text]The basic unit of Anglo-American type measurement. In the past, no two printers could agree on a standard system of type measurement, therefore typecast in one foundry could not be mixed with that cast in another. However, in the mid-18th century, the French typographer Pierre Simon Fournier introduced a standard that he called a ‘point’. This was further developed but Francois-Ambroise Didot into a European standard (‘Didot Point’), although this was not adopted by either Britain or the US. The Anglo-American system divides one inch into 72 parts, each one a ‘point’ (mathematically, one point should equal 0.013889in but, in fact, it equals 0.013837in, with the result that 72 points equal only 0.996264in. The European Didot point equals 0.0148in and 12 of these for units measuring 0.1776in). There is no relationship between the Anglo-American point and the Didot point, and neither of them relates to metric measurement. The introduction of the computer as a design tool has established a new international system. However, on the computer one-point measures 0.013889in, and 72 points equal exactly one inch – no coincidence, then, that computer has a standard resolution of 72dpi.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]A typographer’s and printer’s unit of linear measurement is equivalent to 12 points. One-inch compromises 6.0225 picas or 72.27 points. Computer applications, however, use the PostScript value of exactly six picas, or 72 points, to the inch. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498481453031{background-color: #42721a !important;}”][vc_column_text]The width of a justified typeset line or column of text, traditionally measured in picas, points, Didot, or cicero’s but now commonly in inches and millimeters as well. Also referred to as ‘line length’.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]The adjustment of space between type characters (from that allocated by the font designer) by kerning or by increasing or decreasing the tracking. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498486195184{background-color: #1c4a89 !important;}”][vc_column_text]A ‘blank’ (nonprinting) spacer piece is used singly or in multiples, to create the space in the text. Deriving from metal typesetting, which used graded units of size, a standard word space, called a ‘mid-space, measures one-quarter of a millimeter, although in computer applications it is sometimes possible to define this to your own preference. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Any typeface of a suitable size for printing a body of text, usually in a range of 8pt 10 14pt. Also called ‘composition sizes.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498634470745{background-color: #5520a0 !important;}”][vc_column_text]A design found in decorative fonts of curving systems, leaves, and flowers, originally deriving from the Islamic ornamental depiction of the acanthus vine.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Originally, type characters were cut from the woodblock, and used for printing, and embossing. Nowadays, the term is used to describe large, gothic sans serif letterforms. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498634865450{background-color: #b22387 !important;}”][vc_column_text]Large display capitals engraved in wood characterized by stokes formed by stalk, leaf, and flower motifs. As distinct from ‘floriated’ initials – capitals set against a background of leaves and flowers.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]A traditional decorative initial is incorporated into a larger design or tracery and appears at the start of a chapter.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498636001273{background-color: #963a1e !important;}”][vc_column_text]A traditional term used to describe a typeface with characters of language not based on Roman letterforms – Hebrew or Arabic, for example.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Traditionally, the printing surface of any metal type character, but nowadays used as a series of family names for fonts with similar characteristics, such as ‘modern face’.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498639252224{background-color: #1b6387 !important;}”][vc_column_text]A ‘running script’ – that is lettering that is formed without raising pen from the paper. This style of writing developed into a script used, up until the early 16th century, for diplomatic and administrative documents and which, in turn, inspired the first italic typefaces. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]The characters were used for writing and printing the Russian and Bulgarian languages. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498641316759{background-color: #1e7501 !important;}”][vc_column_text]The generic term for a group of display typefaces with heavy slab serif contrast in the thickness of strokes.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]A type design in which the character is formed of outlines rather than a solid shape or, alternatively, a font ‘style’ option in many applications which renders just the outline of a font without filling it in, usually with appalling results.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498641561431{background-color: #014b91 !important;}”][vc_column_text]A type character designed to be used only as the last letter in a word or line, usually incorporating some kind of decorative flourish (‘swash’).[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]A bold, fat typeface.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498651370189{background-color: #01c1a1 !important;}”][vc_column_text]Decorative-type elements are used to make up panels with a pattern or border.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]The complete set of characters of typeface design in all its sizes and style. A typical font family contains four initial fonts: roman, italic, bold, and bold italic. As distinct from a ‘typeface’ or ‘font’. Also known as ‘type family.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498643308867{background-color: #569b01 !important;}”][vc_column_text]Originating from the word ‘found’ – as in ‘type foundry’ – a font is traditionally a complete set of type characters of the same design, style, and size. For example, 10 points Baskerville Old Style Italic is a font. On a computer, however, although each font is a unique design and style, any size can be rendered from a single font file. There are two formats: PostScript Type I, which comes in two parts – bitmapped screen fonts and outline ‘printer’ fonts; and TRUE type, in which each font is a single file.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Any type of design incorporating a white line. The line follows the outline of the character and is drawn inside its shape. Also called a ‘white-line black letter’.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498648018032{background-color: #b24801 !important;}”][vc_column_text]A term is sometimes given to typefaces derived from letterforms common to Western European countries, especially those with heavy, wedge-shaped serifs.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Any draw or designed alphanumeric character whether used as a typeface or as a hand-drawn script.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498648392330{background-color: #c90237 !important;}”][vc_column_text]Characters that are readable by a MICR machine.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Decorative black-letter capitals.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498648662740{background-color: #a901c6 !important;}”][vc_column_text]A typeface characterized by vertical stress, strong stroke contrast, and thin, unbracketed serifs – Bodoni and Walbaum, for example.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]A design comprising interwoven characters, usually two or more.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498648968470{background-color: #ce0238 !important;}”][vc_column_text]A font in which the type characters all occupy the same width space (as on a typewriter), as distinct from proportionally spaced fonts, which are more common. ‘Courier’ is a monospaced font. Also called. ‘Fixed-width fonts’.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]A type design characterized by its diagonal stress and sloped, bracketed serifs, for example, Garamond.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1498649840972{background-color: #024fe0 !important;}”][vc_column_text]Fonts are used in some methods of optical character recognition, having character shapes that are both distinguishable by computers and readable by people. The most common OCR fonts are ‘OCR-A and OCR-B’, the latter designed by Adrian Frutiger. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]A type design in which the character is formed of outlines rather than a solid shape or, alternatively, a font ‘style’ option in many applications which renders just the outline of a font without filling it in, with appalling results. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1499626878193{background-color: #48ba01 !important;}”][vc_column_text]A traditional term for display sizes of typefaces, used for advertisements, catalogs, etc.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Generic description of type designs that lack the small extensions (serifs) at the ends of the main strokes of the letters, and which are usually without stroke contrast. Also called ‘lineal type‘.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1505137614256{background-color: #3f83bf !important;}”][vc_column_text]A typeface designed to resemble handwriting.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]A type of character filled with cross-hatched lines rather than a solid tone.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1505137956339{background-color: #dd9933 !important;}”][vc_column_text]Characters are given a 3D appearance by heavily shaded areas beside the main strokes.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]In certain types of designs, notably Egyptian, serifs are of the same thickness as the uprights.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1505138465212{background-color: #eded09 !important;}”][vc_column_text]Capital letters adapted from Roman lapidary capitals. They are thick and finished with wide, square serifs. Also known as ‘quadrata‘.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]The method used by calligraphers to achieve and elaborate freehand embellishment without the use of guidelines. Perfect in 1065 by Jan Van Den Velde. Also referred to as ‘by command of hand‘. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1505139046003{background-color: #a363e2 !important;}”][vc_column_text]Traditional black or gothic letterforms.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]A classification of typefaces that are neither old face nor modern, such as Baskerville and Fournier. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1506676935003{background-color: #48a571 !important;}”][vc_column_text]Originally, an individual text character was cast in metal (called a ‘stamp’ by compositors), but lately any letter, numeral, or ornament draws in a vast variety of designs (each one a ‘font’).[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]The term (based on ‘face’ – the printing surface of a metal type character) describes a type design of any size, including weight variations on that design such as italic and condensed. Is distinct from a ‘type family’, which includes all related designs, and a ‘font’, which is one design of a single size, weight, and style. Thus ‘Baskerville’ is a Type family, whereas ‘Baskerville Bold’ is a typeface and ‘9pt Baskerville Bold Italic’ in a font.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1506678026775{background-color: #bed85f !important;}”][vc_column_text]A type design reflecting the rounded letterforms of the ‘majuscule’ (capital) script found in medieval manuscripts.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]A style of typeface design that appeared in the 15th century, characterized by the wide set of lower-case letters and bold serifs.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1506678026775{background-color: #bed85f !important;}”][vc_column_text]Devised by Maximilien Vox in 1954, a method of classifying all typefaces, according to their visual characteristics, into ten categories. These are: ‘Humane‘, derivatives of Roman letters of the 15th century, sometimes called ‘Venetians’, such as Centaur and Cloister; ‘Garalde‘, old-face designs such as Bembo and Garamond; ‘Rèale‘, redesigns of old-faces (called ‘transitional’), such as Baskerville and Times Roman; ‘Didone‘, so-called ‘modern’ faces such as Bodoni and Walbaum; ‘Mecane‘, faces with even strokes and slab serifs, such as Rockwell and Lubalin Graph; ‘Linèale‘, all sans serif faces such Futura and Univers; ‘Incise‘, faces with a chiseled effect, ‘Script, calligraphic, copperplate scripts letters and also brush letters (as distinct from scripts) such as Albertus and Klang; ‘Fracture‘, black letter types such Fraktur and Old English.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]An early description of the Roman Type was used to distinguish it from a black or gothic letterform.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1506685817853{background-color: #3f9182 !important;}”][vc_column_text]Individually carved letterforms, a precursor of metal-based type.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]The type used to set the main text of a book.
[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1506686539317{background-color: #c85ddd !important;}”][vc_column_text]The art of writing, based on handwriting from Roman times and embracing such scripts as half-uncial, Carolingian, Chancery script, humanistic, and their derivatives. The word derives from Greek for ‘beautiful writing’.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1497951439846{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]The traditional method of generating type characters by using machines, fitted with a would or ‘Matrice’ (mat), would cast the type characters from hot molten metal. Type would either be cast as individual characters using a ‘Monotype’ machine or as complete lines (‘slugs’) using a ‘Linotype’ machine.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=”6222″ alignment=”center”][/vc_column][/vc_row]
